Water use efficiency is an important tool in helping to stretch urban water supplies. This paper provides practical information regarding the costs of a standard package of water use efficiency measures and the resulting water savings. The standard definitions of coverage factors and penetration rates are used. The number of interventions per year is defined. Costs include both material and operational costs. Water savings are presented on an annual basis for each BMP. The presented information draws from the results of economic analysis performed in approximately 20 urban water utilities. It provides the user a convenient, easy to use overview of the costs and water savings resulting from implementing water use efficiency practices.
Water Use Efficiency: The Costs and Water Savings Quantified
Authors: Paul Selsky
2002 AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition