In 1985, Kachina Village Improvement District (KVID) faced a very difficult situation in wastewater management. Its treatment plant was providing inadequate treatment for surface water disposal. After many months of discussions with EPA and ADHS (now ADEQ), the Improvement District negotiated a strict consent agreement to eliminate discharge to Oak Creek. Following a study of its options, KVID selected a zero discharge plan for disposal which was environmentally sound and cost-effective – constructed wetlands.