The control of refinery odors and effluent quality to meet environmental regulations is an ongoing problem. State and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations are continually revised to provide more stringent control. Refiners must meet these regulatory requirements and must do so in the most economical manner possible. In October 1984, the EPA proposed new guidelines for refinery effluent. In this paper, we present a brief review of these guidelines, followed by a discussion of the effect they have on refiners and several ways to meet the proposed requirements. We then turn to a discussion of methods for meeting environmental regulations through source control. We suggest that control of odors, air emissions, and wastewater quality is most economically and efficiently achieved by an extensive source control effort, followed by construction of only the necessary new facilities. For some refiners, this approach has resulted in minimum new facility construction costs.