In response to Utah State’s introduction of nutrient removal regulations, the Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility initiated an evaluation of phosphorus removal technologies to determine the most cost effective method of adapting its TF/AS process to comply with the new regulations. Chemical phosphorus precipitation was compared with BNR activated sludge and combinations of chemical and biological treatment alternatives. On a net present value basis, it was determined that a phased conversion to a 5-stage Bardenpho technology was the most cost effective approach. The analysis was complicated by the low availability of influent readily degradable carbon. Measures to reduce the dependency on purchasing supplementary sources of carbon were investigated and incorporated into the final design.